People > Faculty

KARIN KNORR CETINA

Professor of Anthropology and Sociology
Ph.D., University of Vienna
Habilitation, University of Bielefeld

E-Mail: knorr@uchicago.edu

Karin Knorr Cetina's reasearch focuses on the social construction of scientific knowledge, especially its various forms of reasoning. Of particular recent interest are the institutions of high-energy physics and financial markets.

Publications include:

• Epistemic Cultures: How the Sciences Make Knowledge. Havard University of Press, 1999.
• The Manufacture of Knowledge: An Essay on the Constructivist and Contextual Nature of Science. Oxford University Press, 1981.
• "From Pipes to Scopes" Journal Distinktion, 7 2003.
• "Inhabiting Technology: Features of a Global Life-form" Current Sociology 50 (3), 2002: 389-405.
• "Sociality with Objects: Social Relations in Post-social Knowledge Societies" Theory, Culture and Society, 14 (4), 1997: 1-30.
• "Epistemics in Society: On the Nesting of Knowledge Structures in Social Structures" Sociologie et Societes, 30 (1), 1998: 37-50.

Return to the top

Lorraine Daston

Visiting Professor of History and Social Thought

Email: ldaston@uchicago.edu

Lorraine Daston is Director at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science in Berlin and Vistiting Professor in the Department of History and the Committee on Social Thought. She has published with Katharine Park Wonders and the Order of Nature (New York: Zone Books, 1998), and is at work on another book with Peter Galison on The Images of Objectivity. In spring 1999 she gave the Sir Isaiah Berlin Lectures at Oxford University on "The History of Objectivity".

Publications include:

• "The Moral Economy of Science", Osiris 10 (1995): 3-24.
• "L'esperienza scientifica e le sue possibile storie," Quaderni Storici 96(1997): 831-838.
• "The Cold Light of Facts and the Facts of Cold Light," in David Rubin, ed., Signs of Early Modern France (Charlottesville: Rockville Press, 1997), pp. 17-44.
• "Fear and Loathing of the Imagination in Science," Daedalus 127(1998): 73-95.
• "Nature by Design," in Caroline A Jones and Peter Galison, eds., Picturing Science, Producing Art (New York/London: Routledge, 1998), pp. 232-253.
• "The Nature of Nature in Early Modern Europe," Configurations 6(1998): 149-172.
• "Probability and Evidence," in Daniel Garber and Michael Ayers, eds. Cambridge History of Seventeenth-Century Philosophy, 2 vols. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998), vol. 2, pp. 1108-1144.
• Wonders and the Order of Nature (New York: Zone Books, 1998).
• The Moral Authority of Nature, edited with Fernando Vidal (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003).

Return to the top

ARNOLD DAVIDSON

Professor of Philosophy.
Ph.D. Harvard University. 1981.

Department of Philosophy
The University of Chicago
1010 East 59th Street
Chicago, IL 60637
(773) 702-8513 -- department
(773) 702-9861 -- fax
(773) 702-9849 -- office

Email (secretary): ehobbs@uchicago.edu

Arnold Davidson works in moral and political philosophy, the history and philosophy of psychiatry and medicine, contemporary French philosophy, and the history of philosophy.

Publications include:

• The Emergence of Sexuality: Historical Epistemology and the Formation of Concepts. Havard University of Press, 2001.
• "Closing up the Corpses: Diseases of Sexuality and the Emergence of the Psychiatric Style of Reasoning," in G. Boolos, ed., Mind, Meaning and Method: Essays in Honor of Hilary Putnam, Cambridge University Press, 1991.
• "Is Rawls A Kantian?," Pacific Philosophical Quarterly, January/April, 1985.
• "Archaeology, Genealogy, Ethics," in D. Hoy, ed., Foucault: A Critical Reader, Basil Blackwell, 1986.
• "How to Do the History of Psychoanalysis: A Reading of Freud's Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality," Critical Inquiry, Winter, 1987.
• "Questions Concerning Heidegger," Critical Inquiry, Winter, 1989.
• "The Horror of Monsters" in J. Sheehan and M. Sosna, eds., Human, Animals and Machines, University of California Press, 1991.
• "Reading Hadot Reading Plotinus", Introduction to Pierre Hadot. Plotinus or the Simplicity of Vision, University of Chicago, 1993.
• "Ethics as Ascetics: Foucault, the History of Ethics and Ancient Thought," in J. Goldstein, ed., Foucault, Basil Blackwell, 1994.

Return to top

James A. Evans

Assistant Professor of Sociology

Ph.D. Stanford University. 2004.

The University of Chicago
1126 E. 59th Street
Chicago, IL 60637
(773) 834-3612 -- office
(773) 702-5128 -- fax

E-Mail: jevans@uchicago.edu

For further information about James A. Evans, go to: http://home.uchicago.edu/~jevans/ .

James Evans examines the influence of markets on science and work. In science, Evans' central project explores how collaborations with industry influence academic research in an area of molecular plant biology (all research using the popular model organism Arabidopsis thaliana ) by analyzing social and funding networks, scientific texts, bio-informatic databases, and interviews. Evans is also involved in a related project (with Woody Powell) which compares how different industries and their markets differentially shape the sciences they commercialize. In work, Evans' current project examines the influence of IT contract labor markets on the experience of time, the relationship between developing social and human capital, and the dynamics of labor-brokering (with Stephen Barley and Gideon Kunda). He is coediting a book on the relationship between work, organization and technology (with Steve Barley and Siobhan O'Mahony). Methodologically, Evans is developing new ways to represent and model fields of knowledge, he supports advances in natural language processing and pattern matching, and he uses quantitative analysis to focus his ethnographic investigations.

Publications include:

• "Nonprofit Research Institutes: From Companies Without Products To Universities Without Students" in Lis Clemens and Doug Guthrie, eds., Politics and Partnerships: Associations and Nonprofit Organizations in American Governance 2006 (forthcoming).
• "Start-ups in Science: Entrepreneurs, New Ventures, and Novelty Outside Business." In Research in the Sociology of Organizations , eds. Martin Ruef and Michael Lounsbury, 2006 (forthcoming).
• "Beach Time, Bridge Time, and Billable Hours: The Temporal Structure of Technical Contracting," Administrative Science Quarterly , 2004.
• "Why Do Contractors Contract? The Experience of Highly Skilled Technical Professionals in a Contingent Labor Market," Industrial and Labor Relations Review , 2002.

Return to top

ROBERT P. GEROCH

Professor of Physics.
Ph.D. Princeton University. 1967.

Enrico Fermi Institute
The University of Chicago
5640 South Ellis Avenue
Chicago, IL 60637
(773) 702-8038 -- fax
(773) 702-7784 -- office

My primary research interests have been in general relativity, with occasional excursions into other areas of physics (e.g., quantum mechanics) and mathematics (e.g., differential geometry). In general relativity, I have been concerned largely with formal, mathematical or conceptual issues. Specific areas include singular behavior of space-times, asymptotic structure, exact solutions, etc..

Publications include:

• General Relativity from A to B. University of Chicago Press, 1978
• "Partial Differential Equations of Physics," forthcoming in Proceedings of the Scottish Summer School of Physics, 1996.
• "Relativistic Theories of Dissipative Fluids," The Journal of Mathematical Physics 36 (1995), 4226.
• "The Everett Interpretation," Nous 18 (1984), 617.
• "Asymptotic Structure of Space -Time," in F. P. Esposito and L. Witten, eds., Asymptotic Structure of Spacetime, Plenum Press, 1977.
• "Positive Sectional Curvatures Does Not Imply Positive Gauss-Bonnet Integrand," Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 54 (1976), 267.
• "Quantum Theory of Gravitation," Reports on Progress in Physics 37, (1974), 1211, (with A. Ashtekar).
• "A Method for Generating New Solutions of Einstein's Equation II", The Journal of Mathematical Physics 13 (1972), 394.

Return to top

JAN GOLDSTEIN

Professor of History.
Ph.D. Columbia University. 1978.

Department of History
The University of Chicago
1126 East 59th Street, Mailbox 87
Chicago, IL 60637
(773) 702-8397 -- department
(773) 702-7550 -- fax
(773) 702-8388 -- office

E-Mail: jegoldstein@midway.uchicago.edu

Jan Goldstein's research and teaching focus on the history of Europe, especially France, from the 18th through the 20th centuries, with an emphasis on the development of the human sciences. She is interested in the multiplicity of ways that formal systems of thought, including the human sciences, are related to socio-political institutions that produce and make use of them. She has just completed a book titled The Post-Revolutionary Self which investigates three competing psychological theories -- sensationalism, the philosophical psychology of Victor Cousin, and phrenology -- which made intensive bids for institutionalization in 19th-century France and hence reveal a good deal about the politics of selfhood in that era.

Publications include:

• Console and Classify: The French Psychiatric Profession in the Nineteenth Century. Cambridge University Press, 1987; paperback ed., 1990.
• Foucault and the Writing of History (Editor). Blackwell, 1994.
• The Post-Revolutionary Self : Politics and Psyche in France, 1750-1850. Harvard University Press, 2005.
• "Foucault among the Sociologists: The 'Disciplines' and the History of Professions." History and Theory. 1984.
• "The Uses of Male Hysteria: Medical and Literary Discourse in Nineteenth-Century France." Representations. 1991.
• "Foucault and the Post-Revolutionary Self: The Uses of Cousinian Pedagogy in 19th-Century France," in Goldstein, ed., Foucault and the Writing of History (Blackwell, 1994)
• "Saying 'I': Victor Cousin, Caroline Angebert, and the Politics of Selfhood in 19th-Century France," in Michael S. Roth, ed., Rediscovering History (Stanford, 1994)
• "The Advent of Psychological Modernism in France: An Alternate Narrative," in Dorothy Ross, ed., Modernist Impulses in the Human Sciences. 1870-1930 (Johns Hopkins, 1994)
• "Enthusiasm or Imagination? Eighteenth-Century Smear Words in Comparative National Context," Huntington Library Quarterly 60 (1998): 29-49
• "Mutations of the Self in Old Regime and Post-Revolutionary France: From Ame to Moi to Le Moi," in Lorraine Daston, ed., Biographies of Scientific Objects (University of Chicago Press, 2000), pp. 86-116

Return to top

JOHN HAUGELAND

Professor
Department of Philosophy and the College
Committee on Conceptual and Historical Studies of Science

Department of Philosophy
1010 East 59th Street
Chicago, IL 60637
(773) 702-8513 -- department

jhaugela@uchicago.edu

John Haugeland's primary philosophical interests are the philosophy of science (especially the work of Thomas Kuhn), contemporary metaphysics (especially the problems of objectivity, truth, and materialism), the early philosophy of Heidegger (especially Being and Time), and the philosophy of mind (especially the problem of intentionality and the philosophical implications of artificial intelligence). He is also interested in the philosophy of language, epistemology, and Kant.

Publications include:

• Having Thought (Harvard 1998)
• Artificial Intelligence: The Very Idea (MIT 1985)
• Mind Design II (Editor, MIT 1997 -- first ed, 1981)
• The Road Since Structure (co-edited with Jim Conant, Chicago 2000).

Return to top

JANELLEN HUTTENLOCHER

William S. Gray Professor in the Departments of Psychology and Education.
Ph.D. Harvard University. 1960

Department of Psychology
The University of Chicago
5848 S. University Ave.
Chicago, IL 60637
(773) 702-8859 -- department
(773) 702-0886 -- fax
(773) 702-0677 -- office

E-mail: hutt@ccp.uchicago.edu

My research is concerned with the representation of information in memory and thought and the way concepts are represented in memory. I am especially concerned with the organization of spatial and temporal information. My research also is concerned with the development of those aspects of representation during childhood in various children. Finally, I also study language development, especially as it relates to other aspects of cognitive development.

Publications include:

• Huttenlocher, J., & Smiley, P. (1987) "Early Word Meanings: The Case of Objects Names." Cognitive Psychology 19, pp. 63-89.
• Huttenlocher, J., Haight, W., Bryk, A., Seltzer, M. (1991) "Early Vocabulary Growth: Relation to Language Input and Gender." Developmental Psychology 27, pp. 236-248.
• Huttenlocher, J., Hedges, L.V., & Duncan, S. (1991) "Categories and Particulars: Prototype Effects in Estimating Spatial Location." Psychological Review 98, pp. 352-376.
• Mix, K., Huttenlocher, J., & Levine, S. (2002). Multiple cues for quantification in infancy: Is number one of them? Psychological Bulletin , 128 (2), 278-294.
• Huttenlocher, J., Duffy, S., & Levine, S. (2002). Infants and toddlers discriminate amount: Are they measuring? Psychological Science , 13 (3), 244-249.
• Huttenlocher, J., Vasilyeva, M, Cymerman, E., & Levine, S. (2002). Language input and child syntax. Cognitive Psychology , 45 , 337-374.

Return to top

ADRIAN JOHNS

Professor of History
Ph.D. Cambridge, 1992.

Chair of Conceptual and Historical Studies of Science

johns@midway.uchicago.edu

Field specialties: History of science; British history; history of intellectual property; history of the book and reading.

Adrian Johns is a professor in the Department of History and the Committee on Conceptual and Historical Studies of Science at the University of Chicago . He is the author of The Nature of the Book: Print and Knowledge in the Making (University of Chicago Press, 1998), which won the Leo Gershoy Award of the American Historical Association, the John Ben Snow Prize of the North American Conference on British Studies, the Louis Gottschalk Prize of the American Society for Eighteenth-Century Studies, and the SHARP Prize for the best work on the history of authorship, reading and publishing. He has also published widely in the history of science and the history of the book. Educated in Britain at the University of Cambridge , Professor Johns has taught at the University of Kent at Canterbury , the University of California , San Diego , and the California Institute of Technology. He is currently working on a history of intellectual piracy from the invention of printing to the Internet.

Publications include:

• The Nature of the book: print and knowledge in the making (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998).
• “Coffeehouses and print shops.”  The Cambridge History of Science, III: Early Modern Science (ed. L. Daston and K. Park. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2006), 320-40.“Intellectual property and the nature of science.” Cultural Studies 20 (2006), 145-64.
• “ Reading and Experiment in the Early Royal Society.”  K. Sharpe and S. Zwicker (eds.), Reading , Society and Politics in Early Modern England ( Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2003), 244-71.
• “Print and Public Science.”  The Cambridge History of Science, IV: Science in the Eighteenth Century (ed. R. Porter.  Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2003), 536-60.
• “Science and the Book.”  The Cambridge History of the Book in Britain (7 vols.  Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.  General Editors: D.F. McKenzie, D.J. McKitterick, I.R. Willison), vol. IV (2003), 274-303.
• “The Ambivalence of Authorship in early Modern Natural Philosophy,” in M. Biagioli and P. Galison (eds.), Scientific Authorship: Credit and Intellectual Property in Science ( New York : Routledge, 2003), 67-90.
• “How to acknowledge a revolution.”  American Historical Review 107 (2002), 106-25 (part of an invited “Forum” with Elizabeth Eisenstein and Anthony Grafton).
• "The Past, Present, and Future of the Scientific Book," and "The Physiology of Reading ." N. Jardine and M. Frasca-Spada (eds.), Books and the Sciences in History ( Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2000), 408-26, 291-314.
• "Miscellaneous Methods: Authors, Societies and Journals in Early Modern England ." British Journal for the History of Science 33 (2000), 159-86.
• "Identity, Practice, and Trust in Early Modern Natural Philosophy." Historical Journal 42 (1999), 1125-45.
• "Science and the Book in Modern Cultural Historiography." Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 29 (1998), 167-94.

Return to top

Leo P. Kadanoff

Ph.D., Harvard, 1960.
John D. MacArthur Distinguished Srvc. Prof. Emeritus, Depts. Physics and Math., James Franck Inst., Enrico Fermi Inst., and the College
Theoretical physics, hydrodynamics, statistical physics.

E-Mail: l-kadanoff@uchicago.edu

We work on non-linear systems using the techniques of statistical physics. More specifically, we are studying how turbulent, chaotic, and stochastic behavior arises in dynamical systems, particularly hydrodynamical and biological systems. For example, we have been extensively concerned with the development of simplified models for turbulence, with the nature of mathematical infinities in the flow of fluids and of bacteria, and with models of granular materials. We use both analytical and simulational methods and try to use experimental data whenever possible. Our basic goal is to understand the nature of the complex motion that can arise in even very simple systems. This work has applications to mathematics, astronomy, and chemical engineering.

I also do research and writing about the public presentation of science, particularly in the context of science museums.

• Built upon Sand. Rev. Mod. Phys., Jan. 1999.
• Simple Lessons from Complexity. L. Kadanoff and N. Goldenfeld. Science, April 1999.
• From Order to Chaos II, Essays: Critical Chaotic and Otherwise. World Scientific Series on Nonlinear Science, Series A, Vol. 32, 1999..
• STATISTICAL PHYSICS: Statics, Dynamics and Renormalization. L.P. Kadanoff. World Scientific, 2000.
• Turbulent Heat Flow: Structures and Scaling. L.P. Kadanoff. Physics Today, pp. 34-39, Aug. 2001.
• Models, Morals, and Metaphors. L.P. Kadanoff. Reference Frames, Physics Today, pp. 10-11, Feb. 2002.
• Book Review: Wolfram on Celluar Automata. L.P. Kadanoff. Physics Today, 55-56, July 2002. Review of the Book: A New Kind of Science by Stephen Wolfram
• Numerical and Theoretical Studies of Noise Effects in the Kauffman Model, Xiaohui Qu, Maximino Aldana, Leo P. Kadanoff. Journal of Statistical Physics, 109 516, Dec. 2002.

Return to top

HOWARD MARGOLIS

Professor of Public Policy
Ph. D., M.I.T.

hmarg@uchicago.edu

Howard Margolis's major research interest is in social theory, particularly the underpinnings of individual choice and judgment, which shape aggregate social outcomes. His new book on the origin of the Scientific Revoution will appear in April. Prior to his academic career, Margolis worked in Washington D.C., as a journalist, official, and consultant. He was the founder of the "News & Comment" section of Science, a correspondent for the Washington Post and the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, speech-writer for the secretary of defense, and consultant to the National Academy of Sciences on studies of major public policy issues.

Publications include:

• Paradigms and Barriers: How Habits of Mind Govern Scientific Belief (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993).
• Patterns, Thinking, and Cognition (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993).
• Dealing with Risk: Why the Public and the Experts Disagree on Environmental Issues (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996).
• "Tycho's system and Galileo's `Dialogue'", Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 22 (1991), 259-275.
• It Started with Copernicus: How turning the world inside out led to the Scientific Revolution (McGraw-Hill, 2002).

Return to top

Joseph Masco

Assistant Professor of Anthropology
Ph.D., University of California, San Diego, 1999

Office: Haskell, mez. 134
Phone: 773-834-7807

Email

Areas of special interest: Science studies, the anthropology of security, critical theory, political ecology, race and nation, mass media and expressive culture; US, North America.

Joseph Masco investigates the politics of everyday life in the nuclear age and in post-Cold War America. His first book The Nuclear Borderlands: The Manhattan Project in Post-Cold War New Mexico (Princeton University Press, 2006), co-winner of the 2006 Robert K. Merton Prize, explores how the end of the Cold War challenged concepts of security and risk for the diverse communities working in and neighboring Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico. His current research focuses on the intersection of national security technologies, emotional management campaigns, and state formation, with a specific focus on how “terror” has been nationalized in U.S. political culture.

Publications Include:

• 2006 The Nuclear Borderlands: The Manhattan Project in Post-Cold War New Mexico . Princeton: Princeton University Press. Co-Winner, 2006 Robert K. Merton Prize.
• 2006 5:29:45 AM. In I. Karp and C. Kratz, eds., Museum Frictions: Public Cultures/Global Transformations. Durham : Duke University Press.
• 2006 “ Fantastic City : Engineering Ruins in Cold War America ” Cabinet . 20: 85-88.
• 2005 “Active Measures”, or How a KGB Spymaster Made Good in Post-9/11 America, Radical History Review. 93: 285-300.
• 2005 The Billboard Campaign: The Los Alamos Study Group and the Nuclear Public Sphere. Public Culture. 17(3): 487-97.
• 2005 A Notebook on Desert Modernism: From the Nevada Test Site to Liberace's 200-Pound Suit. In S. Harding and D. Rosenberg (eds.) Histories of the Future . Durham : Duke University Press, 19-49.
• 2004 Mutant Ecologies: Radioactive Life in Post-Cold War New Mexico . Cultural Anthropology . 19(4): 517-550.
• 2004 Nuclear Technoaesthetics: Sensory Politics from Trinity to the Virtual Bomb in Los Alamos . American Ethnologist . 31(3): 1-25.
• 2002 Lie Detectors: On Secrets and Hypersecurity in Los Alamos . Public Culture, 14(3): 441-467.
• 1999 States of Insecurity: Plutonium and Post-Cold War Anxiety in New Mexico, 1992-96. In J. Weldes, M. Laffey, H. Gusterson, & R. Duval (eds.), Cultures of Insecurity: States, Communities and the Production of Danger. Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press, 203-231.
• 1996 "Competitive Displays: Negotiating Genealogical Rights to the Potlatch at the American Museum of Natural History." American Anthropologist. 98(4): 837-852.
• 1995 'It Is a Strict Law That Bids Us Dance': Cosmologies, Colonialism, Death and Ritual Authority in the Kwakwaka'wakw Potlatch, 1849-1922. Comparative Studies in Society and History. 37(1): 41-75.

Return to top

ROBERT J. RICHARDS

The Morris Fishbein Professor in the History of Science and Medicine

Director of the Fishbein Center

Professor of History, Philosophy, and Psychology.
Ph.D. University of Chicago. 1978.

The Fishbein Center
The University of Chicago
1126 E. 59th Street
Chicago, IL 60637
(773) 702-8348 -- office
(773) 743-8949 -- fax

E-Mail: r-richards@uchicago.edu

For further information about Robert J. Richards, go to: http://home.uchicago.edu/~rjr6/.

I do research in history and philosophy of psychology and biology. This includes particular interest in evolutionary biopsychology, ethology, and sociobiology, as well as theories of perception from the ancient period to the present day. Concerning philosophic and metahistoric problems, I have argued for a revaluation of evolutionary ethics and have developed a natural selection model for historiographic analysis. My recent research has been on the impact of the German Romantic movement on philosophy and science (particularly biology). I have just finished a work on the development of evolutionary theory in Germany during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Publications include:

• Darwin and the Emergence of Evolutionary Theories of Mind and Behavior. University of Chicago Press, 1987 (Winner of the Pfizer Prize of the History of Science Society).
• The Meaning of Evolution: The Morphological Construction and Ideological Reconstruction of Darwin's Theory. University of Chicago Press, 1992.
• The Romantic Conception of Life: Science and Philosophy in the Age of Goethe. University of Chicago Press, 2002.
• The Tragic Sense of Life: Ernst Haeckel and the Struggle over Evolutionary Thought (Forthcoming)
• “Nature is the Poetry of Mind, or How Schelling Solved Goethe's Kantian Problems,” in Michael Friedman and Alfred Nordman (eds.), The Kantian Legacy in Nineteenth-Century Science ( Cambridge : MIT Press, 2006): 27-50.
• "Ernst Haeckel and the Struggles over Evolution and Religion," Annals of the History and Philosophy of Biology 10 (2005): 89-116
• "The Aesthetic and Morphological Foundations of Ernst Haeckel's Evolutionary Project ,” in Mary Kemperink and Patrick Dassen (eds.), The Many Faces of Evolution in Europe, 1860-1914 ( Amsterdam : Peeters, 2005), pp. 1-16 + plates.
• The Narrative Structure of Moral Judgments in History: Evolution and Nazi Biology ” (2005 Ryerson Lecture) , The University of Chicago Record 39 (May 26, 2005).
• “Darwin's Metaphysics of Mind ,” in Darwin and Philosophy , ed. Vittorio Hoesle and Christian Illies (Notre Dame: Notre Dame University Press, 2005), pp. 166-80.
• "The Erotic Authority of Nature: Nature, Science, and the Female during Goethe's Italian Journey," in The Moral Authority of Nature, ed. Lorraine Daston and Fernando Vidal (University of Chicago Press, 2003).
• "Biology," in From Natural Philosophy to the Sciences: Writing the History of Nineteenth-Century Science, ed. David Cahan (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003), pp. 16-48.
• "Evolution of Mind, Behavior, and Emotions," in Jonathan Hodge and Gregory Radick (eds.), Cambridge Companion to Darwin (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), pp. 92-115.
• "Linguistic Creation of Man: Charles Darwin, August Schleicher, Ernst Haeckel, and the Missing Link in 19th-Century Evolutionary Theory," in Experimenting in Tongues: Studies in Science and Language, ed. Matthias Doerres (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001)
• "Psychology as a Humanism," Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 37 (2001): 61-66.
• "Kant and Blumenbach on the Bildungstrieb: A Historical Misunderstanding," Studies in the History and Philosophy of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, 31 (2000): 11-32.
• "Rhapsodies on a Cat-Piano, or Johann Christian Reil and the Foundations of Romantic Psychiatry", Critical Inquiry 24, no. 3 (spring, 1998): 700-736.

Return to top

STEPHEN M. STIGLER

Ernest DeWitt Burton Distinguished Service Professor in the Department of Statistics
Ph.D. University of California, Berkeley. 1967.

Department of Statistics
The University of Chicago
5734 University Ave
Chicago, IL 60637
(773) 702-8333 -- department
(773) 702-9810 -- fax
(773) 702-8328 -- office

E-Mail: stigler@galton.uchicago.edu

Stephen M. Stigler is interested in the history of statistics and probability, from the appearance of early concepts in gambling, astronomy, and geodesy, to the development of statistical methods in social science and biology, including the ways those methods have helped to shape core ideas in these sciences. Some individual scientists who have been particularly influential in this history are Laplace, Gauss, Quetelet, Galton, Edgeworth, Karl and Egon Pearson, Ronald Fisher, Neyman, and Wald. A focus of current research is 20th century mathematical statistics. Another area of investigation is quantitative studies of the flow of information in science, including the use of citation-based measures to model the flow of intellectual influence in science.

Publications include:

• The History of Statistics: The Measurement of Uncertainty before 1900. The Belknap Press of the Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1986.
• Statistics on the Table: The History of Statistical Concepts and Methods. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1999.

For a full list of over 140 publications, go to Stephen M. Stigler's home page: http://www.stat.uchicago.edu/~stigler/

Return to top

GEORGE STOCKING

Emeritus
Stein-Freiler Distinguished Service Professor in the Department of Anthropology.
Ph.D. University of Pennsylvania. 1960.

Department of Anthropology
The University of Chicago
Social Sciences, 1126. E. 59TH
Chicago, IL 60637
(773) 702-7701 -- department
(773) 702-4503 -- fax
(773) 702-7702 -- office

E-Mail: g-stocking@uchicago.edu

Research interests: Currently working on the history of anthropology in the United States from 1945 to 1970.

Publications include:

• Race, Culture, and Evolution. New York: Free Press. 1968
• Victorian Anthropology. New York: Free Press. 1987
• The Ethnographer's Magic. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. 1992.
• After Tylor: British Social Anthropology, 1888-1951. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. 1992.
• Deliminating Anthropology: Occasional Inquiries and Reflections. Madison, University of Wisconsin Press, 2002.

As well as 10 edited volumes and numerous articles and reviews.

Return to top

NOEL M. SWERDLOW

Professor of Astronomy and Astrophysics and of History.

Astronomy & Astrophysics Center
The University of Chicago
5640 S. Ellis Ave.
Chicago, IL 60637
(773) 702-8212 -- fax
(773) 702-7969 -- office

E-Mail: nms@oddjob.uchicago.edu

My general field of research is the history of the exact sciences, particularly astronomy, from antiquity through the seventeenth century. Recently I have published a book called The Babylonian Theory of the Planets concerned principally with the derivation of the numerical parameters of the mathematical planetary theory from records of observations of the dates of the heliacal phenomena of the planets, as first and last visibilities. The study also considers the relation of Babylonian observational and mathematical astronomy to celestial divination, which was its principal motivation. My current project is a more or less comprehensive survey of astronomy in the Renaissance, concentrating on the most important astronomers of the period, Regiomontanus, Copernicus, Tycho, Kepler, and Galileo.

Publications include:

• The Babylonian Theory of the Planets (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1998)
• Mathematical Astronomy in Copernicus's De Revolutionibus, with Otto Neugebaur, 2 vols. (New York: Springer, 1984). (Winner of the Pfizer Prize of the History of Science Society.)
• "The Recovery of the Exact Sciences of Antiquity: Mathematics, Astronomy, Geography," Rome Reborn. The Vatican Library and Renaissance Culture, ed. A. Grafton, The Library of Congress, Yale University Press (1993), 125-67.
• "Otto E. Neugebauer," Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 137 (1993), 139-65.
• "Montucla's Legacy: The History of the Exact Sciences," Journal of the History of Ideas (1993), 299-328.
• "Astronomy in the Renaissance," in C. Walker, ed., Astronomy before the Telescope (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1996).
• "Galileo's Discoveries with the Telescope and Their Evidence for the Copernican Theory," The Cambridge Companion to Galileo, ed. P. Machamer. Cambridge University Press, 1998.
• "Planetary Theory from Eudoxus to Copernicus," Encyclopedia of Astronomy and Astrophysics, (London: Macmillan, 2000).

Return to top

LEIGH VAN VALEN

Professor of Ecology & Evolution, and in the Committees on Evolutionary Biology, and on Genetics
Ph.D. Columbia University. 1961.

Department of Ecology & Evolution
The University of Chicago
1101 East 57th Street
Chicago, IL 60637
(773) 702-1988 -- department
(773) 702-9740 -- fax
(773) 702-9475 -- office

E-Mail: leigh@uchicago.edu

I am a generalist and tend to open new approaches more than fill them in. What I work on changes irregularly and unpredictably with the progress of theory and knowledge. Some recent topics: (1) The evolution of biotas can be approached through changes in patterns of energy flow and their control. I am looking at the basal Cenozoic radiation of placental mammals from this perspective; there are surprisingly large changes in the group selection causing the changes, and in its components; (2) Single-species populations of birds decrease in density with body size at the same rate as the total energy flow through single individuals increases. A student found a similar pattern for mammals. This implies a community regulation of absolute fitnesses, if one accepts my heretical (ecological) view of the nature of fitness; (3) In systematics, I am revising the basal ungulates, the dominant group of Paleocene mammals. One result, with work of others, is recognition of a completely separate evolution of mammals between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres through the Cretaceous; (4) The actual levels of selection in the current rapid evolution of our own species differ from standard concepts and are generalizable; (5) Charles Lyell used (real) species selection before Darwin; (6) Origination and extinction rates of marine invertebrates show striking patterns, over orders of magnitude, which are interpretable in a unifying framework involving large-scale biotically controlled equilibria.

Work of my students has also been diverse. Some examples: norm of reaction, biogeography, fossil mammals, mathematical anthropological genetics, complexity, body size, human sociobiology, developmental noise, sloth limbs, natural selection, allometry. My interests go beyond what the blurb indicates.

Publications include:

• "The extinction of the multituberculates,"Systematic Zoology 15 (1966), 261­278 (with R.E. Sloan).
• "Selection in natural populations 7, New York babies (Fetal Life Study),"Annals of Human Genetics 31 (1967), 109-121 (with G.W. Mellen).
• "The origins of inversion polymorphisms,"American Naturalist 102 (1968), 5 -24 (with R. Levins).
• "A new evolutionary law,"Evolutionary Theory 1 (1973), 1­30.
  "Brain size and intelligence in man," American Journal of Physical Anthropology 40 (1974), 417-423.
• "Multivariate structural statistics in natural history," Journal of Theoretical Biology 45 (1974), 235-247.
• "Group selection, sex, and fossils," Evolution 29 (1975), 87-94.
• "Individualistic classes," Philosophy of Science 43 (1977), 539-541.
• "The Archaebacteria and eukaryotic origins," Nature 287 (1980), 248-250 (with V.C. Maiorana).
• "Why misunderstand the evolutionary half of biology?" in E. Saarinen, ed., Conceptual Issues in Ecology, Reidel, 1982, 323-343.
• "Homology and causes," Journal of Morphology 173 (1982), 305-312.
• "Species, sets, and the derivative nature of philosophy," Biology and Philosophy 3 (1988), 49-66.
• "Biotal evolution: a manifesto," Evolutionary Theory 10 (1991), 1-13.
• "The origin of the plesiadapid primates and the nature of Purgatorius," Evolutionary Monographs 15 (1994), 1-79.

Return to top

WILLIAM C. WIMSATT

Professor of Philosophy, and in the Committee on Evolutionary Biology
Ph.D. University of Pittsburgh. 1971.

Department of Philosophy
The University of Chicago
1010 East 59th Street
Chicago, IL 60637
(773) 702-8513 -- department
(773) 702-9861 -- fax
(773) 702-8598 -- office

E-Mail: wwim@midway.uchicago.edu

I work on methodological problems arising in the analysis of complex systems-especially in evolutionary biology, but also in various of the human and physical sciences. I have worked on problem solving strategies, model-building, on the structure of evolutionary genetics, functional organization and functional inference, levels of organization, chaos, the units of selection problem, and the role of development in evolution, extensively on reductionistic research strategies and their biases, and concepts of emergence. I have also written on the history of classical genetics, on the nature of scientific visualization, and the problems of scientific change. Currently, I am working especially on the role of development in evolution and on problems in the construction of adequate theories of cultural evolution.

Publications include:

• Re-Engineering Philosophy for Limited Beings: Piecewise Approximations to Reality
  (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, forthcoming, spring 2007).
• "Reductionistic research strategies and their biases in the units of selection controversy," in T. Nickles, ed., Scientific Discovery-vol. II: Case Studies. Dordrecht: Reidel. 1980, pp. 213-259.
• "Robustness: reliability and overdetermination," in M. Brewer and B. Collins, eds., Scientific Inquiry and the Social Sciences. San Francisco: Jossey Bass. 1981, pp. 124-163.
• "Developmental constraints: generative entrenchment, and the innate- acquired distinction," in P. W. Bechtel, ed., Integrating Scientific Disciplines. Dordrecht: Martinus-Nijhoff. 1986, pp. 85-208.
• "False Models as means to Truer Theories," in M. Nitecki, and A. Hoffman, eds., Neutral Models in Biology. London: Oxford University Press. 1987, pp. 23-55.
• Wimsatt, W. C., and J. C. Schank, "Two Constraints on the Evolution of Complex Adaptations and the Means for their Avoidance." Paper prepared for the 10th annual Spring Systematics Symposium of the Field Museum of Natural History, in M. Nitecki, ed., The Idea of Progress in Evolution, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1988, pp. 231-273.
• Griesemer, J. R., and W. C. Wimsatt, "Picturing Weismannism: A Case Study in Conceptual Evolution," in M. Ruse, ed., What Philosophy of Biology Is. (Festschrift for David Hull). Martinus-Nijhoff. 1989, pp. 75-137.
• "Taming the Dimensions-Visualizations in Science" in M. Forbes, L. Wessels, and A. Fine, eds, PSA-1990, volume 2; East Lansing: The Philosophy of Science Association. 1991, pp. 111-135.
• "Golden Generalities and Co-opted Anomalies: Haldane vs. Muller and the Drosophila group on the Theory and Practice of Linkage Mapping," in S. Sarkar, ed., The Founders of Evolutionary Genetics, Dordrecht: Martinus-Nijhoff. 1992, pp. 107-166.
• "The Ontology of Complex Systems: Levels, Perspectives and Causal Thickets", Canadian Journal of Philosophy supplementary volume #20, ed. Robert Ware and Mohan Matthen.1994, pp. 207-274.
• "Aggregativity: Reductive Heuristics for Finding Emergence," in L. Darden, ed., PSA-1996, v. 2 [Philosophy of Science, Supp Vol. #2, 1997]. 1997, pp. S372-S384.
• "Genes, Memes, and Cultural Inheritance," Biology and Philosophy. v. 14. 1999, 279-310.
• "Generativity, Entrenchment, Evolution, and Innateness," in V. Hardcastle, ed., Biology meets Psychology: philosophical essays MIT Press. 1999, 139-179.
• "Generative Entrenchment and the Developmental Systems Approach to Evolutionary Processes," in S. Oyama, R. Gray and P. Griffiths, eds, Cycles of Contingency: Developmental Systems and Evolution, Cambridge: MIT Press, in press, 2000.

Return to top

ALISON WINTER

Associate Professor of History
The University of Chicago
702-2334--office
Foster 510

Email: awinter@midway.uchicago.edu

Her interests include the history of sciences of mind (and more broadly the human sciences) in Britain and America since the eighteenth century, the history of modern medicine, the historical construction of orthodoxy and heterodoxy in the sciences and medicine, and historical issues of gender. Her first book developed a social and cultural history of mesmerism in Victorian Britain. Her current research focuses on the scientific study and medical extraction of memory in America and Britain.

Publications include

• Mesmerized: Powers of Mind in Victorian Britain (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998).
• "A calculus of suffering: Ada Lovelace and the corporeal constraints on women's knowledge in early Victorian England", in Christopher Lawrence and Stephen Shapin, eds., Science Incarnate: The physical presentation of intellectual selves (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997).
• "The construction of orthodoxies and heterodoxies in the early Victorian life sciences", B. Lightman (ed.), Victorian Science in Context, University of Chicago Press 1997.
• (With Anne Joseph), "Making the match: The hunt for human traces, the scientific expert and the public imagination", in Francis Spufford and Jenny Uglow, eds., Cultural Babbage: Technology, time and invention, Faber and Faber (1996), pp. 193-214.
• "Compasses All Awry: The iron ship and the ambiguities of cultural authority in Victorian England", Victorian Studies (Autumn 1994), 69-98.

Return to top